Anatomy of the muscle

[همـ jihan ـسه]

Anatomy of the muscle

Upper Extremity




Abductor Digiti Minimi
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Adductor Pollicis
Anconeus
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Coracobrachialis
Deltoid
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Infraspinatus
Interosseous Muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
Levator Scapulae
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Opponens Pollicis
Palmaris Longus
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Pronator Quadratus
Pronator Teres
Rhomboid Major and Minor
Subscapularis
Supinator
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Trapezius
Triceps Brachii


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http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/abdflexpolldigminimu001.jpg

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin
Pisiform

Insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Action
Abducts little (5th) finger

Innervation
Deep branch of ulnar nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial
Supply Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/abdflexpolldigminimu001.jpg

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action
Abducts thumb and helps oppose it

Innervation
Recurrent branch of median nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial
Supply Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/abductorpollongus.jpg

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin
Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion
Base of 1st metacarpal

Action
Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve -C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial
Supply Posterior interosseous artery

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/adductorpollicis.jpg

Adductor Pollicis

Origin
Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
capitate, and adjacent carpals
Transverse head: anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal

Insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action
Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially

Innervation
Deep branch of ulnar nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial
Supply Deep palmar arterial arch


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/anconeus001.jpg

Anconeus

Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Action
Assists triceps in extending forearm
stabilizes elbow joint
abducts ulna during pronation

Innervation
Radial nerve -C7, C8 and T1

Arterial
Supply Middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery
Recurrent interosseous artery

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/bicepsant.jpg

Biceps Brachii

Origin
Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Insertion
Tuberosity of radius and fascia
of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Action
Supinates forearm and, when it is supine
flexes forearm

Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve -C5 and C6

Arterial
Supply Muscular branches of brachial artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/brachialisant.jpg

Brachialis

Origin
Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Insertion
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

Action
Major flexor of forearm -- flexes forearm in all positions

Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve -C5 and C6

Arterial Supply
Muscular branches of brachial artery
recurrent radial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/brachioradialis.jpg

Brachioradialis

Origin
Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus

Insertion
Lateral surface of distal end of radius

Action
Flexes forearm

Innervation
Radial nerve -C5, C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Radial recurrent artery

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/coracobrachialisant.jpg

Coracobrachialis

Origin
Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Insertion
Middle third of medial surface of humerus

Action
Helps to flex and adduct arm

Innervation
Musculocutaneous nerve -C5, C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Muscular branches of brachial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/deltoidant2.jpg

Deltoid

Origin
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Action
Anterior part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Middle part: abducts arm
Posterior part: extends and laterally rotates arm

Innervation
Axillary nerve -C5 and C6

Arterial Supply
Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extcarpiradbrevis.jpg

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
Base of 3rd metacarpal

Action
Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

Innervation
Deep branch of radial nerve -C7 and C8

Arterial Supply
Radial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extcarpiradlongus.jpg

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin
Lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus

Insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action
Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint

Innervation
Radial nerve -C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Radial artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extensorcarpiulnaris.jpg

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
and posterior border of ulna

Insertion
Base of 5th metacarpal

Action
Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extensordigitiminimi.jpg

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
Extensor expansion of 5th digit

Action
Extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal
and interphalangeal joints

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve -C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply
Interosseous recurrent artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extensordigitorum.jpg

Extensor Digitorum


Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
Extensor expansions of medial four digits

Action
Extends medial four digits at metacarpophalangeal joints
Extends hand at wrist joint

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve -C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply
Interosseous recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extensorindicis.jpg

Extensor Indicis

Origin
Posterior sufrace of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Action
Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve -C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply
Posterior interosseous artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extensorpollicis.jpg

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin
Posterior sufraces of radius and interosseous membrane

Insertion
Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action
Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve -C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply
Posterior interosseous artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/extensorpollicis.jpg

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin
Posterior surface of middle 1/3
of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion
Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Action
Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal
and interphalangeal joints

Innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve -C7 and C8
the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

Arterial Supply
Posterior interosseous artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/flexorcarpi.jpg

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action
Flexes and abducts hand -at wrist

Innervation
Median nerve -C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/flexorcarpi.jpg

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna

Insertion
Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone
and 5th metacarpal bone

Action
Flexes and adducts hand -at wrist

Innervation
Ulnar nerve -C7 and C8

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/flexordigprofundus.jpg

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin
Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces
of ulna and interosseous membrane

Insertion
Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5

Action
Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints
of medial four digits; assists with flexion of hand

Innervation

Medial part
ulnar nerve -C8 and T1
Lateral part
anterior interosseous branch of median nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/abdflexpolldigminimu001.jpg

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Origin
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Action
Flexes proximal phalanx of little (5th) finger

Innervation
Deep branch of ulnar nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/flexordigsuperficialis.jpg

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin
Humoulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna
Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius

Insertion
Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5

Action
Flexes middle phalanges at proximal
interphalangeal joints of medial four digits

acting
more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints and hand

Innervation
Median nerve -C7, C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/abdflexpolldigminimu001.jpg

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Origin
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action
Flexes thumb

Innervation
Recurrent branch of median nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/flexorpollicislongus.jpg

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin
Anterior surface of radius and
adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion
Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Action
Flexes phalanges of 1st digit -thumb

Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Anterior interosseous artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/infraspinatuspost.jpg

Infraspinatus

Origin
Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion
Middle facet on greater tuberosity of humerus

Action
Laterally rotate arm
helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

Innervation
Suprascapular nerve -C5 and C6

Arterial Supply
Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/dorsalinterossei.jpg

Interosseous Muscles

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/palmarinterossei.jpg

Origin

Dorsal 1 - 4
Adjacent sides of two metacarpals -bipennate muscles

Palmar 1 - 3
Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
unipennate muscles

Insertion

Dorsal 1 - 4
Extensor expansions and bases
of proximal phalanges of digits 2 - 4

Palmar 1 - 3
Extensor expansions of digits and bases
of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5

Action

Dorsal 1 - 4
Abduct digits from axial line and
act with lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints
and extend interphalangeal joints

Palmar 1 - 3
Adduct digits toward axial line and
assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints
and extending interphalangeal joints

Innervation
Deep branch of ulnar nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply

Dorsal 1 - 4
Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries

Palmar 1 - 3
Palmar metacarpal arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/Atlas/traplatTrimmed.jpg

Latissimus Dorsi

Origin
Spinous processes of
inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae
thoracolumbar fascia
iliac crest
and inferior 3 or 4 ribs

Insertion
Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action
Extends
adducts
and medially rotates humerus
raises body toward arms during climbing

Innervation
Thoracodorsal nerve -C6, C7, and C8

Arterial Supply
Thoracodorsal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/levatorscapulae2.jpg

Levator Scapulae

Origin
Posterior tubercles of transverse
processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae

Insertion
Superior part of medial border of scapula

Action
Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid
cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Innervation
Dorsal scapula (C5) and
cervical (C3 and C4) nerves

Arterial Supply
Dorsal scapular artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/opponens.jpg

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Origin
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion
Medial border of 5th metacarpal

Action
Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb

Innervation
Deep branch of ulnar nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/opponens.jpg

Opponens Pollicis

Origin
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles
of scaphoid and trapezium

Insertion
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Action
Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb
toward center of palm and rotates it medially

Innervation
Recurrent branch of median nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/palmarislongus.jpg

Palmaris Longus


Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Action
Flexes hand (at wrist) and tightens palmar aponeurosis

Innervation
Median nerve C7 and C8

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/pectoralismajor.jpg

Pectoralis Major


Origin

Clavicular head:
anterior surface of medial half of clavicle

Sternocostal head:
anterior surface of sternum
superior six costal cartilages
and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

Insertion
Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action
Adducts and medially rotates humerus
draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

Acting
alone: clavicular head flexes humerus
and sternocostal head extends it

Innervation
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
clavicular head -C5 and C6
sternocostal head - C7, C8, and T1

Arterial Supply
pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/pectoralisminor.jpg


Pectoralis Minor


Origin
3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Insertion
Medial border and superior surface of
coracoid process of scapula

Action
Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly
and anteriorly against thoracic wall

Innervation
Medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/pronatorquadratus.jpg


Pronator Quadratus

Origin
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna

Insertion
Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius

Action
Pronates forearm deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

Innervation
Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve -C8 and T1

Arterial Supply
Anterior interosseous artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/pronatorteres.jpg

Pronator Teres


Origin
Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion
Middle of lateral surface of radius

Action
Pronates and flexes forearm -at elbow

Innervation
Median nerve -C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Ulnar artery, anterior recurrent ulnar artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/rhomboids2.jpg

Rhomboid Major and Minor


Origin

Minor
nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae

Major
spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae

Insertion
Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

Action
Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity
fix scapula to thoracic wall

Innervation
Dorsal scapular nerve -C4 and C5

Arterial Supply
Dorsal scapular artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/subscapularisant2.jpg

Subscapularis

Origin
Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion
Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Action
Medially rotates arm and adducts it
helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula

Innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves -C5, C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Subscapular artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/supinator.jpg

Supinator


Origin
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
radial collateral and annular ligaments
supinator fossa and crest of ulna

Insertion Lateral
posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius

Action
Supinates forearm
i.e., rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly

Innervation
Deep branch of radial nerve -C5 and C6

Arterial Supply
Recurrent interosseous artery



http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/teresmajorpost2.jpg

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/teresmajorant2.jpg

Teres Major

Origin
Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula

Insertion
Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Action
Adducts and medially rotates arm

Innervation
Lower subscapular nerve -C6 and C7

Arterial Supply
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/supraspinatuspost.jpg

Supraspinatus

Origin
Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Insertion
Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus

Action
Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm
and acts with other rotator cuff muscles

Innervation
Suprascapular nerve -C4, C5 and C6

Arterial Supply
Suprascapular artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/teresminorpost.jpg

Teres Minor

Origin
Superior part of lateral border of scapula

Insertion
Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus

Action
Laterally rotate arm
helps to hold humeral head in glenoid
cavity of scapula

Innervation
Axillary nerve -C5 and C6

Arterial Supply
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/Atlas/traplatTrimmed.jpg

Trapezius

Origin
Medial third of superior nuchal line
external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament
and spinous processes of C7 - T12 vertebrae

Insertion
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Action
Elevates, retracts and rotates scapula
superior fibers elevate, middle fibers retract
and inferior fibers depress scapula
superior and inferior fibers act together
in superior rotation of scapula

Innervation
Spinal root of accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor) and
cervical nerves (C3 and C4) -pain and proprioception

Arterial Supply
Transverse certical artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/tricepspost.jpg

Triceps Brachii

Origin

Long head
infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head
posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Medial head
posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Insertion
Proximal end of olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm

Action
Chief extensor of forearm
long head steadies head of abducted humerus

Innervation
Radial nerve C6, C7 and C8

Arterial Supply
Branches of deep brachial artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

Anatomy of the muscle

Lower Extremity



Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Biceps Femoris-Long Head
Biceps Femoris-Short Head
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Gracilis
Iliopsoas
Inferior Gemellus
Obturator Externus
Obturator Internus
Pectineus
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Tertius
Piriformis
Plantaris
Popliteus
Quadratus Femoris
Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Soleus
Superior Gemellus
Tensor Fascia Lata
Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis


-------------------------------


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/addbrevis.jpg

Adductor Brevis

Origin
Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus
inferior to origin of adductor longus

Insertion
Pectineal line and superior part
of medial lip of linea aspera

Action
Adducts and flexes the thigh
and helps to laterally rotate the thigh

Innervation
Anterior or posterior division of obturator nerve

Arterial Supply
Obturator artery and medial circumflex femoral artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/addlong.jpg

Adductor Longus

Origin
Anterior surface of body of pubis
just lateral to pubic symphysis

Insertion
Middle third of linea aspera
between the more medial adductor magnus
and brevis insertions and the more lateral
origin of the vastus medialis

Action
Adducts and flexes the thigh
and helps to laterally rotate the hip joint

Innervation
Anterior division of obturator nerve

Arterial Supply
Obturator artery and medial circumflex femoral artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/addmag.jpg

Adductor Magnus

Origin
Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity

Insertion
Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea aspera
medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle

Action
Powerful thigh adductor
superior horizontal fibers also help flex the thigh
while vertical fibers help extend the thigh

Innervation
Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates
most of the adductor magnus
vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve

Arterial Supply
Medial circumflex femoral artery
inferior gluteal artery, 1st - 4th perforating arteries
obturator artery
and some superior muscular branches of popliteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/bicepsfemlong.jpg

Biceps Femoris - Long Head

Origin
Long head from common tendon with
semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant
of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity

short head from lateral lip of linea aspera
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
and lateral intermuscular septum of thigh

Insertion
Primarily on fibular head
also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle

Action
Flexes the knee, and also rotates the tibia laterally
long head also extends the hip joint

Innervation
Long head by tibial nerve
short head by common peroneal nerve

Arterial Supply
Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery
inferior gluteal arter
and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/bicepsfemshort.jpg

Biceps Femoris - Short Head

Origin

[U]Long head [/U
]from common tendon with semitendinosus
from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion
of the ischial tuberosity

short head
from lateral lip of linea aspera
lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
and lateral intermuscular septum of thigh

Insertion Primarily on fibular head
also on lateral collateral ligament
and lateral tibial condyle

Action
Flexes the knee, and also rotates the tibia laterally
long head also extends the hip joint

Innervation
Long head by tibial nerve
short head by common peroneal nerve

Arterial Supply
Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery
inferior gluteal artery
and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/extdiglongus.jpg

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin
Lateral condyle of fibula
upper 2/3 - 3/4 of medial fibular shaft surface
upper part of interosseous membrane
fascia cruris, and anterior intermuscular septum

Insertion
Splits into 4 tendon slips after inferior extensor retinaculum
each of which insert on dorsum of middle and
distal phalanges as part of extensor expansion complex

Action
Extend toes 2 - 5 and dorsiflexes ankle

Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve -L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Anterior tibial artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/exthalllongus.jpg

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Origin
Anterior surface of the fibula and
the adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion
Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe

Action
Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve -L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Anterior tibial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/flexdiglongus.jpghttp://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/tomdickharry2lab.jpg

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin
Posterior surface of tibia distal to popliteal line

Insertion
Splits into four slips after passing through
medial intermuscular septum of plantar surface of foot
these slips then insert on plantar surface
of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges

Action
Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle

Innervation
Tibial nerve -S2, S3

Arterial Supply
Muscular branch of posterior tibial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/flexhalllongus.jpghttp://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/tomdickharry2lab.jpg

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Origin
Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
lower part of interosseous membrane

Insertion
Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe

Action
Flexes great toe, helps to supinate ankle
and is a very weak plantar flexor of ankle

Innervation
Tibial nerve -S2, S3

Arterial Supply
Muscular branch of peroneal and posterior tibial artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/gastrocnemius001.jpg

Gastrocnemius

Origin

Medial head
from posterior nonarticular surface of medial femoral condyle

Lateral head
from lateral surface of femoral lateral condyle

Insertion
The two heads unite into a broad aponeurosis
which eventually unites with the deep tendon of the
soleus to form the Achilles tendon
inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface

Action
Powerful plantar flexor of ankle

Innervation
Tibial nerve -S1, S2

Arterial Supply
Each head supplied by a sural branch of the popliteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/glutmaximus.jpghttp://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/glutmaximuslat.jpg

Gluteus Maximus

Origin
Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium
posterior to posterior gluteal line
posterior superior iliac crest
posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx
and sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion
Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band
also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface

Action
Major extensor of hip joint; a

Innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve -L5, S1, S2

Arterial Supply
Inferior and superior gluteal arteries and
the first perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/glutmedius.jpg

Gluteus Medius

Origin
Dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest

Insertion
Lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter
Action Major abductor of thigh
anterior fibers help to rotate hip medially
posterior fibers help to rotate hip laterally

Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve -L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Superior gluteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/glutminimus.jpg

Gluteus Minimus

Origin
Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
also from edge of greater sciatic notch

Insertion
Anterior surface of greater trochanter

Action
Abducts and medially rotates the hip joint

Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve -L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Superior gluteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/addbrevis.jpg

Gracilis

Origin
Inferior margin of pubic symphysis
inferior ramus of pubis
and adjacent ramus of ischium

Insertion
Medial surface of tibial shaft
just posterior to sartorius

Action
Flexes the knee
adducts the thigh
and helps to medially rotate the tibia on the femur

Innervation
Anterior division of obturator nerve

Arterial Supply
Obturator artery
medial circumflex femoral artery
and muscular branches of profunda femoris artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/iliopsoas.jpg

Iliopsoas

Origin
Psoas from anterior surfaces and
lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and
bodies and discs of T12 - L5
Iliacus from upper 2/3 of iliac fossa of ilium
internal lip of iliac crest, lateral aspect of sacrum
ventral sacroiliac ligament
and lower portion of iliolumbar ligament

Insertion
Lesser trochanter

Action
Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other

Innervation
Psoas from direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus
Iliacus from muscular branch of femoral nerve

Arterial Supply
Lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/hiprotators.jpg

Inferior Gemellus

Origin
Posterior portions of ischial tuberosity
and lateral obturator ring

Insertion
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
in common with obturator internus

Action
Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the flexed thigh

Innervation
Nerve to the obturator internus and
inferior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Inferior gluteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/obtext2.jpg

Obturator Externus

Origin
External surface of obturator membrane
and anterior bony margins of obturator foramen

Insertion
Posteromedial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Action
Rotates the thigh laterally; also helps adduct thigh

Innervation
Posterior division of obturator nerve

Arterial Supply
Obturator and medial circumflex femoral arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/hiprotators.jpg

Obturator Internus

Origin
Internal surface of obturator membrane
and posterior bony margins of obturator foramen

Insertion
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
in common with superior and inferior gemelli

Action
Rotates the thigh laterally
also helps abduct the thigh when it is flexed

Innervation
Nerve to the obturator internus and
superior gemellus -- a branch of the sacral plexus -L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Internal pudendal and superior and inferior gluteal arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/addbrevis.jpg

Pectineus

Origin
Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis

Insertion
Pectineal line of femur

Action
Adducts the thigh and flexes the hip joint

Innervation
Femoral nerve usually, although it may sometimes
receive additional innervation from the
obturator nerve as well

Arterial Supply
Medial circumflex femoral branch of femoral artery
and obturator artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/peroneusbrevis.jpg

Peroneus Brevis

Origin
Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface also anterior
and posterior intermuscular septa of leg

Insertion
Lateral surface of styloid process of 5th metatarsal base

Action
Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle

Innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve -L5, S1, S2

Arterial Supply
Muscular branches of peroneal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/peroneuslongus.jpg

Peroneus Longus


Origin
Head of fibula, upper 1/2 - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface
also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg

Insertion
Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform
and lateral side of 1st metatarsal base

Action
Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
also helps to support the transverse arch of the foot

Innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve L5, S1, S2
may also receive additional innervation
from common or deep peroneal nerves

Arterial Supply
Anterior tibial and peroneal arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/perontertius.jpg

Peroneus Tertius


Origin
Arises with the extensor digitorum longus
from the medial fibular shaft surface and
the anterior intermuscular septum
between the extensor digitorum longus
and the tibialis anterior

Insertion
Dorsal surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal

Action
Works with the extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex
evert and abduct the foot

Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve

Arterial Supply
Anterior tibial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/hiprotators.jpg

Piriformis

Origin
Anterior surface of lateral process of sacrum
and gluteal surface of ilium at the margin
of the greater sciatic notch

Insertion
Superior border of greater trochanter

Action
Lateral rotator of the hip joint
also helps abduct the hip if it is flexed

Innervation
Piriformis nerve L5, S1, S2

Arterial Supply
Superior and inferior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/plantaris.jpg

Plantaris


Origin
Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of distal femur

Insertion
Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface
just medial to Achilles tendon

Action
Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes knee

Innervation
Tibial nerve L5, S1, S2

Arterial Supply
Sural arteries

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/popliteus001.jpg

Popliteus


Origin
Anterior part of the popliteal groove on
lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

Insertion
Posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion
just superior to the popliteal line

Action
Rotates knee medially and flexes the leg on the thigh

Innervation
Tibial nerve L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Medial inferior genicular branch of popliteal artery
and muscular branch of posterior tibial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/hiprotators.jpg

Quadratus Femoris


Origin
Lateral margin of obturator ring above ischial tuberosity

Insertion
Quadrate tubercle and adjacent bone
of intertrochanteric crest of proximal posterior femur

Action
Rotates the hip laterally;also helps adduct the hip

Innervation
Quadratus femoris branch of nerve
to the quadratus femoris and
inferior gemellus L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Medial circumflex femoral artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/rectusfemoris001.jpg

Rectus Femoris


Origin
Straight head from anterior inferior iliac spine
reflected head from groove just above acetabulum

Insertion
Base of patella to form the more central portion
of the quadriceps femoris tendon

Action
Extends the knee

Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve

Arterial Supply
Lateral circumflex femoral artery

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/sartorius.jpg

Sartorius


Origin
Anterior superior iliac spine

Insertion
Superior aspect of the medial surface of
the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity

Action
Flexes and laterally rotates the hip joint
and flexes the knee

Innervation
Femoral nerve

Arterial Supply
Muscular branches of the femoral artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/semimembranosus.jpg

Semimembranosus


Origin
Superior lateral quadrant of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion
Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle

Action
Extends the thigh, flexes the knee
and also rotates the tibia medially
especially when the knee is flexed

Innervation
Tibial nerve

Arterial Supply
Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery
inferior gluteal artery
and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/semitendinosus.jpg

Semitendinosus


Origin
From common tendon with long head of
biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant
of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity

Insertion
Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft

Action
Extends the thigh and flexes the knee
and also rotates the tibia medially
especially when the knee is flexed

Innervation
Tibial nerve

Arterial Supply
Perforating branches of profunda femoris artery
inferior gluteal artery
and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/Soleus.jpg

Soleus


Origin
Posterior aspect of fibular head
upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula
middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft
and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch
spanning the two sites of bone origin

Insertion
Eventually unites with the
gastrocnemius aponeurosis
to form the Achilles tendon
inserting on the middle 1/3 of
the posterior calcaneal surface

Action
Powerful plantar flexor of ankle

Innervation
Tibial nerve S1, S2

Arterial Supply
Posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/hiprotators.jpg


Superior Gemellus


Origin
Ischial spine

Insertion
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
in common with obturator internus

Action
Rotates the thigh laterally
also helps abduct the flexed thigh

Innervation
Nerve to the obturator internus and
superior gemellus
a branch of the sacral plexus L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Inferior gluteal artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/sartorius.jpghttp://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/glutmaximuslat.jpg

Tensor Fascia Lata


Origin
Anterior superior iliac spine
outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata

Insertion
Iliotibial band

Action
Helps stabilize and steady the hip and
knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia

Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Superior gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery

[همـ jihan ـسه]

http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/tibanterior.jpg


Tibialis Anterior


Origin
Lateral condyle of tibia
proximal 1/2 - 2/3 or lateral surface of tibial shaft
interosseous membrane
and the deep surface of the fascia cruris

Insertion
Medial and plantar surfaces of 1st cuneiform
and on base of first metatarsal

Action
Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot

Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve L4, L5, S1

Arterial Supply
Anterior tibial artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/tibposterior.jpghttp://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/tomdickharry2lab.jpg


Tibialis Posterior


Origin
Posterior aspect of interosseous membrane
superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula
superior aspect of posterior surface of tibia
and from intermuscular septum between muscles
of posterior compartment and deep transverse septum

Insertion
Splits into two slips after passing inferior
to plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
superficial slip inserts on the tuberosity
of the navicular bone
and sometimes medial cuneiform
deeper slip divides again into
slips inserting on plantar sufraces
of metatarsals 2 - 4 and second cuneiform

Action
Principal invertor of foot; also adducts foot
plantar flexes ankle, and helps to supinate the foot

Innervation
Tibial nerve L4, L5

Arterial Supply
Muscular branches of sural
peroneal and posterior tibial arteries


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/vasti.jpg

Vastus Intermedius


Origin
Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur
also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh

Insertion
Lateral border of patella
also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon

Action
Extends the knee

Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve

Arterial Supply
Lateral circumflex femoral artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/vasti.jpg

Vastus Lateralis


Origin
Superior portion of intertrochanteric line
anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter
superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera
and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur

Insertion
Lateral base and border of patella
also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum
and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon

Action
Extends the knee

Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve

Arterial Supply
Lateral circumflex femoral artery


http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas2/vasti.jpg

Vastus Medialis


Origin
Inferior portion of intertrochanteric line
spiral line, medial lip of linea aspera
superior part of medial supracondylar ridge of femur
and medial intermuscular septum

Insertion
Medial base and border of patella
also forms the medial patellar retinaculum
and medial side of quadriceps femoris tendon

Action
Extends the knee

Innervation
Muscular branches of femoral nerve

Arterial Supply
Femoral artery, profunda femoris artery
and superior medial genicular branch of popliteal artery

[أقبـ الخالدي ـال]

عزيزتي أنجل بيرد كفيتي ووفيتي , توضيح رااائع جدااا ومفصل لتشريح العضلات تسلمين

ويعطيج ألف ألف عاااااااااافية .............


تقبلي مني أجمل تحية ............

[همـ jihan ـسه]

كـم أسـعدني تواجدك الذي أثلـج صدري

غـاليتي أقبـ الخالدي ـال

فـ حضـورك زاد المـوضـوع رونقـاً وجمالاً

شـاكرة لك تواصـلك الدائـم

الذي يدفعنـا لتقديـم المزيـد

آملـة أن أحظى بتكرارة مـع كـل جديـد







محبتـي
دمت كمـا أراك

[AB nurse]

http://ppc.fm/im@s1/glitter-bling_11_21_2007_08_22_07_81203.gif (http://ppc.fm/im@s1/glitter-bling_11_21_2007_08_22_07_81203.gif)


تحيـــــاتـــي لك وألــــــف شــــــكـــر

مــوضـــوعك هــــذا افـــادنــــي كثـــيرا


http://ppc.fm/im@s1/cartoon_97.gif (http://ppc.fm/im@s1/cartoon_97.gif)

[همـ jihan ـسه]

الشـكر مـوصـول لـك غـاليتي

AB nurse

وأشـكر الله أنـه قـد أفـادك

وآمـل أن التقيك بـ صفحـات أخرى قـادمـة



محبتي

دمت كمـا أراك